The Populist Explosion

In The Populist Explosion, journalist John B. Judis argues that the wave of insurgent politics that reshaped the 2016 election was not a sudden anomaly but the latest expression of a recurring phenomenon in American and European history. Judis defines populism not as a single ideology but as a style of politics built on a moral opposition between "the people" and a corrupt elite, and he distinguishes between left-wing populism, which targets economic elites and defends the working class, and right-wing populism, which targets cultural or racial outsiders alongside governing institutions. The book’s central framework divides populism by geography and tradition. Judis traces left populism through the American People’s Party of the 1890s, Huey Long’s Share Our Wealth movement, and later figures like George Wallace, while connecting right populism to European movements and parties such as France’s National Front and the UK Independence Party. A key chapter examines how the financial crisis of 2008, stagnant wages, and anxieties over immigration created the conditions for both Bernie Sanders’s insurgent primary campaign and Donald Trump’s nationalist candidacy. Judis also argues that populist movements typically emerge when mainstream parties fail to address voter discontent, and that they often fade or are absorbed once established parties adapt. Unlike accounts that treat populism as a passing fever or a simple backlash, Judis stresses that it has deep roots and can reshape party coalitions, as the Tea Party did within the Republican Party. He contends that populism is neither inherently democratic nor authoritarian; its effects depend on how leaders channel grievances and whether institutions respond. The book closes by considering whether the populist surge of the 2010s signals a durable realignment or another cyclical episode, leaving that question open while insisting that ignoring populist voters is not a viable strategy.